The new way to find early cancer diagnosis

Scientists from the Latvian has created a blood test a non - invasive for early detection of gastric cancer . The disease is often only diagnosed when it is too late for treatment .Latvian lab technician using a special scanner to analyze the antigens printed on a small slide .After six years of painstaking research , scientists at Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center , Riga began to see the fruits of their labor . Last year they made ​​one of the most significant achievements in science in Latvia - they come one step closer to creating new methods to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage before it 's too late for treatment .
They have found an auto - antibodies that can work against tumor-associated antigens .Antibodies are proteins produced by B - cells in the human immune system . Their job is to fight viruses and bacteria . But the immune system can also produce auto - antibodies .Auto - antibodies see the body's own tissues as foreign and so try to neutralize them . Antibodies identify foreign elements by means of antigen - a substance that causes the body's immune system reacts to things unknown .And it is this antigen which is the basis of the research , published in the  International Journal of Cancer  In search of the immunome In the first step we try to identify so-called immunome cancer , chief scientist of Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre. Basically , this is a set of antigens that the human immune system can recognize and produce antibodies against . A special printing machine antigen on a small slideAija Line and his team of researchers initially tried to find all the antigens associated with various types of cancer . They then focused on gastric cancer .
So far they have obtained more than 1500 antigens . All antigens are stored in a special database . But it was with the gastric cancer study in which scientists have made their discovery . We have identified a set of 45 antigens , If we detect auto - antibodies against tumor antigens 45 's , we can detect the presence of cancer with a sensitivity of approximately 60 percent . So , in a group of 100 patients with gastric cancer , the scientists they could correctly identify 60 cases .But how does it work ?It all starts with your doctor , who took a sample of tumor tissue during surgery . Samples were sent to a laboratory where scientists extract the genetic data . To do this , molecular biologists use a variety of laboratory tests , the high-tech and scientific calculations to find auto - antibodies .The results of the analysis are displayed on the computer lab , through a microscope and a special scanner . bright red spots indicate that the serum of patients have autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens .There are lots of images with a pattern of green spots and red of various levels of intensity . They reveal how the immune system reacts against gastric cancer .
Each of these places is one of the single antigen , explained that if there is a bright red spots in the pattern , they can tell that the serum of patients had antibodies against tumor-associated antigens .never saw a reaction against the antigen in healthy control test . Line and his team of scientists believe that their study auto - antibodies will allow them to create a simple , non blood tests - ivasive to diagnose gastric cancer .Stomach cancer tends to be detected in an advanced stage - when it is too late for treatment . The doctor uses an endoscope - a complicated and expensive procedure in which a thin tube with a tiny camera , is inserted into the patient's body . There is also a pepsinogen test - a blood test for chronic atrophic gastritis and other conditions , but did not disclose all of the tumors in the stomach .Growing threat of cancerCancer of the stomach caused by Helicobacter pylori is usually found in the stomach . According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer , Gastric cancer is the fourth most widespread form of cancer in the world .Scientists use real blood samples in their search for auto - antibodies . Latvia has some of the highest levels of gastric cancer   , a gastroenterologist at Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital .  Every year around 600 people fell ill with the disease in Latvia . Leja and others say there is an urgent need for a simple screening method in countries such as Japan , Korea , Latin America and the Baltic countries , where the incidence of stomach cancer is also very high .Rolando Herrero , Prevention and Implementation Group head at the International Agency for Research on Cancer , said Latvian scientists have made ​​an important discovery . But he said it was too early to say whether it will solve every problem ." The most important thing is to ensure that at the population level , when the test is applied to a large population , that it is able to detect early cancer that is present in the population ,  .  t would require a different study design , which can be relatively complex and sometimes very expensive .